\documentclass{standalone}
\usepackage{tikz}
\usepackage{ctex,siunitx,bm,ninecolors}
\setCJKmainfont{Noto Serif CJK SC}
\usepackage{tkz-euclide}
\usepackage{amsmath}
\usetikzlibrary{patterns, calc}
\usetikzlibrary {decorations.pathmorphing, decorations.pathreplacing, decorations.shapes,}
\begin{document}
\small
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  \draw[yellow9!50,thick](0,1.5)--++(-4,0)node[midway,below,text=black]{$\alpha$ 粒子};
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  \draw[thin](-0.9,2.7)--++(110:1)node[above]{金箔};
  \draw[thin](3.55,2.0)--++(110:0.7)node[above]{荧光屏};
  \draw[thin](5.5,2.0)--++(70:0.7)node[above]{显微镜};
  \draw[thin](-4.7,2.0)--++(110:0.7)node[above]{放射源};
\end{tikzpicture}
\end{document}